29 Oct 2024        15:19:12 pm

Political

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):

Tags : Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):

Topic: Governance

Why in the news?

• Mankidia community becomes 6th PVTG to get habitat rights over forests in Odisha
• Mankidia is the second PVTG to formally get the habitat rights in the state, while the district level committees have approved for other four communities

Source: Down To Earth

About Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):

• According to the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), India has 75 PVTGs, who are characterized by:
  • Pre-agriculture level of technology
  • Stagnant or declining population
  • Extremely low literacy
  • Subsistence level of economy
• PVTGs were recognised as a separate category based on the findings of the 1961 Dhebar Commission.
• In 1975, there were 52 PVTGs and the list had been expanded to 75 across 18 states and Union Territories.
• Data from the MoTA and the 2011 Census shows that Odisha has the largest population of PVTGs at 8.66 lakh, followed by MP at 6.09 lakh and Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana) at 5.39 lakh.
• The total PVTG population is more than 40 lakh and the largest PVTG is Odisha’s Saura community, numbering 5.35 lakh.
• The Union Budget 2023-24 announced the launch of the PM PVTG Development Mission. 
  • This will saturate PVTG households and habitations with basic facilities such as safe housing, clean drinking water and sanitation, improved access to education, health and nutrition, etc. 
  • Rs.15,000 crore will be made available to implement the Mission in the next three years under the Development Action Plan for the Scheduled Tribes (DAPST).
• The PM-JANMAN (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) has been launched to enhance the socio-economic conditions of PVTGs.
  • The Union Cabinet has approved it with a total outlay of Rs.24,104 crore to be implemented during FY 2023-24 to 2025-26.
  • The PM-JANMAN (comprising Central Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes) to focus on 11 critical interventions through 9 Ministries.

Mankidia community:

• They are also known as Mankadia, Mankidi, Mankirdia.
• They are a nomadic ethnic group of India that live in Odisha. 
• Mankidias mostly live in the Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur, Kalahandi and Sundergarh districts.
• According to the 2011 census, the population of Mankidia was 2,222. 
• They are classified as a Scheduled Tribe by the Indian government.
• The Mankidia are an ethnic offshoot of the Birhor tribe. 
• They specialize in catching monkeys (called mankada in Odia). 
• It is believed that their origin is from Chota Nagpur Plateau. They might have migrated to different parts of Odisha and finally settled in the hilly areas.
• The Mankidia are a semi-nomadic hunter/gatherer community. 
• They move around forests in small bands and stay at tanda/tandia, which comprises a temporary dome-shaped leaf hut known as Kumbhas. 
• They speak a form of Mundari language, and some can also speak Odia.
• Each Tandia is headed by a religious head man called Dehuri. The Dehuri has an assistant called Naya.
• The Mankidia people\'s religious beliefs are polytheistic. 
  • They believe in many malevolent and benevolent spirits and gods. 
  • Their supreme deities are Logobir and Budhimai. 
  • They also worship their ancestors for good health and success in hunting and harvesting forest produce.
• They also make baskets and ropes out of Siali fiber, Sabai grass and Jute, as well as making disposable plates made out of leaves called Khali.

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